Land degradation is a decline in the quality and quantity of the land. generally caused by natural processes and by human activities. Barrow (1991) in greater detail said that the main factors causing land degradation are:
- Natural Hazards
- Changes in the human population
- Marginalization of land
- Poverty
- Status of land ownership
- Political instability and administrative issues
- Socio-economic conditions
- Health Issues
- Improper agricultural practices, and
- Mining and industrial activity.
Land degradation caused by 3 (three) aspects, namely the physical aspect. chemistry and biology. Physical degradation consists of compaction, scaling, water imbalance, obstruction of aeration, runoff, and erosion. Chemical degradation consists of acidification, nutrient depletion, leaching, nutrient imbalances and toxicity, salinization, and alkalinization. While the biological degradation include reduced soil organic carbon, soil biodiversity decline, biomass and carbon reduction.
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